Monetized online content systems and methods and computer-readable media for processing requests for the same

ABSTRACT

One aspect of the invention provides a computer system having processing and memory means operable to provide a monetized online content system. The computer system is coupled to one or more resource modules each having data in the memory means and includes: an interceptor module configured to receive a request from a client for one or more resources available from one or more resource modules, refer the request to one or more of the resource modules configured to fulfill the request, receive one or more responses from one or more of the resource modules, at least one of said one or more responses having one or more events associated therewith, and transform the one or more responses by removing the one or more events associated with the one or more responses prior to presentation of the one or more responses to the client.

BACKGROUND

Online research services such as WESTLAW® and WESTLAW NEXT™, availablefrom Thomson Reuters of Eagan, Minn., continue to be ubiquitous toindividuals and businesses of all sizes.

As these services continue to expand in popularity, the breadth ofinformation and services provided also continues to expand. Thisincreased breadth introduces additional complexity to the systemsbecause newly-added content may be provided by additional servers. Asthe number of servers increases, the challenges of enforcing policies(e.g., policies governing security, billing, and the like) across eachserver grow.

Moreover, various Internet architectures rely on sequences of HTTPrequests and responses, HTTP cookies, or other client-side storage meansto maintain the system's current state and track client activity (e.g.,for billing). Such architectures can be manipulated by a knowledgeableuser to obtain free services.

Accordingly, there is a need for new systems that allow for centralizedenforcement of policies and hide internal processes from customers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One aspect of the invention provides a computer system having processingand memory means operable to provide a monetized online content system.The computer system is coupled to one or more resource modules eachhaving data in the memory means and includes: an interceptor moduleconfigured to receive a request from a client for one or more resourcesavailable from one or more resource modules, refer the request to one ormore of the resource modules configured to fulfill the request, receiveone or more responses from one or more of the resource modules, at leastone of said one or more responses having one or more events associatedtherewith, and transform the one or more responses by removing the oneor more events associated with the one or more responses prior topresentation of the one or more responses to the client.

This aspect of the invention can have a variety of embodiments. At leastone of the events can be a billing event. The at least one of the eventscan be a user experience event. The code executable on the interceptormodule can be further configured to cause the processing means to recordone or more of the events.

The system can include an authentication module in communication withthe interceptor module. The authentication module can include codeexecutable on the processing means configured to authenticate theclient. The interceptor module can further include code configured tocause the processing means to: identify one or more credentials in therequest; present the credentials to the authentication module; and delaythe step of referring the request to the one or more resource modulesuntil the authentication module indicates that the client isauthenticated.

The interceptor module can be further configured to: maintain a list ofrecently-authenticated clients and a time at which the client wasmost-recently authenticated by the authentication module; if the clientwas most-recently authenticated within a defined interval, refer therequest without presenting the one or more credentials; and if theclient was most-recently authenticated beyond the defined interval,present the one or more credentials to the authentication module.

The defined interval can be selected from the group consisting of: 1second, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 1minute, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45minutes, 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1week, and 1 month.

The defined interval can be selected from the group consisting of: lessthan about 1 minute, between about 1 minute and about 5 minutes, betweenabout 5 minutes and about 10 minutes, between about 10 minutes and about15 minutes, between about 15 minutes and about 20 minutes, between about20 minutes and about 30 minutes, between about 30 minutes and about 45minutes, between about 45 minutes and about 1 hour, between about 1 hourand about 3 hours, between about 3 hours and about 6 hours, betweenabout 6 hours and about 12 hours, between about 12 hours and about 1day, between about 1 day and about 2 days, between about 2 days andabout 3 days, between about 3 days and about 1 week, and between about 1week and about 1 month.

The system can include an authorization module in communication with theinterceptor module, the authorization module having code executable onthe processing means configured to cause the authorization module toverify whether the client is authorized to access the one or moreresources.

Another aspect of the invention provides a method for processingrequests for a monetized online content system. The method includes:receiving a request from a client in processing means for one or moreresources resident in one or more resource modules coupled to theprocessing means; referring the request to the one or more of theresource modules to fulfill the request; receiving one or more responsesfrom one or more of the resource modules having data responsive to therequest, at least one of said one or more responses having one or moreevents associated therewith; transforming the one or more responses byremoving one or more events associated with the one or more responsesprior to presentation of the one or more responses to the client.

This aspect of the invention can have variety of embodiments. At leastone of the events can be a billing event. At least one of the events canbe a user experience event. The method can include recording at leastone event associated with the one or more responses.

The method can include identifying one or more credentials in therequest; presenting the credentials to the authentication module; anddelaying the step of referring the request to the one or more resourcemodules until the authentication module indicates that the client isauthenticated.

The method can include maintaining a list of recently-authenticatedclients and a time at which the client was most-recently authenticatedby the authentication module; and if the client was most-recentlyauthenticated within a defined interval, referring the request withoutpresenting the one or more credentials; and if the client wasmost-recently authenticated beyond the defined interval, presenting theone or more credentials to the authentication module.

The method can include communicating with an authorization moduleconfigured to verify whether the client is authorized to access the oneor more resources.

The method can be a computer-implemented method.

Another aspect of the invention provides a computer program productincluding computer-usable medium having control logic stored therein forcausing a computer to process requests for a monetized online contentsystem. The control logic includes; first computer readable program codemeans for causing the computer to receive a request from a client forone or more resources available from one or more resource modulescoupled to the computer; second computer readable program code means forcausing the computer to refer the request to one or more of the resourcemodules operable to fulfill the request; third computer readable programcode means for causing the computer to receive one or more responsesfrom one or more of the resource modules, at least one of said one ormore responses having one or more events associated therewith; andfourth computer readable program code means for causing the computer toremove one or more events associated with the one or more responsesprior to presentation of the one or more responses to the clientpresenting the one or more responses.

This aspect of the invention can have a variety of embodiments. Thecomputer-readable medium can be non-transitory and tangible. The controllogic can further include fifth computer readable program code means forcausing the computer to recording at least one event associated with theone or more responses.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a fuller understanding of the nature and desired objects of thepresent invention, reference is made to the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing figureswherein like reference characters denote corresponding parts throughoutthe several views and wherein:

FIG. 1 depicts a monetized online content system according to oneembodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 depicts a method of processing requests for a monetized onlinecontent system according to an embodiment of the invention; and

FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram depicting a working example of theinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is now described more fully with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which an illustrated embodiment of theinvention is shown. The invention is not limited in any way to theillustrated embodiment as the illustrated embodiment described below ismerely exemplary of the invention, which is embodied in various forms,as appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art. Therefore, it is tobe understood that any structural and functional details disclosedherein are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention, but ratherare provided as a representative embodiment for teaching one of ordinaryskill in the art one or more ways to implement the invention.Furthermore, the terms and phrases used herein are not intended to belimiting, but rather are to provide an understandable description of theinvention.

It is to be appreciated that the embodiments of this invention asdiscussed below may be incorporated as a software algorithm, program orcode residing in firmware and/or on computer useable medium (includingsoftware modules and browser plug-ins) having control logic for enablingexecution on a computer system having a computer processor. Such acomputer system typically includes memory storage configured to provideoutput from execution of the computer algorithm or program havingprocessing means.

Monetized Online Content Systems

FIG. 1 depicts a monetized online content system 100 according to oneembodiment of the invention. The monetized online content system 100provides content such as documents, databases, images, audio, video, andthe like to users via various computer networks 112 such as theInternet. Monetized online content system 100 enables the constructionand operation of content-based business models includingsubscription-based business models in which users pay a fee that affordssubstantially unlimited access to content, transactional-based businessmodels in which users pay a fee based on the amount of content utilized,and advertising-based business models in which advertising is providedwith the content in order to fund the service.

The system 100 includes an interceptor module 102 configured to receiveone or more requests from one or more clients 104. The system 100optionally includes an authentication module 106 configured to determinewhether the user/client 104 is permitted to access the system 100, anauthorization module 108 configured to determine whether the user/client104 is permitted to access particular resources, and/or one or moreresource modules 110.

Interceptor module 102 pools resources on behalf of resource modules110. For example, a plurality of interceptor modules 102 may eachmaintain connections to a network-attached storage (NAS) device (notdepicted) on behalf of resource modules 110.

As discussed herein, authentication module 106 is configured todetermine whether the user/client 104 is permitted to access the system100 and authorization module 108 is configured to determine whether theuser/client 104 is permitted to access permitted resources. Embodimentsof the authentication module 106 and/or the authorization module 108implement conventional or proprietary access control algorithms, forexample, in hardware or software. As further discussed herein, theauthentication module 106 and/or the authorization module 108 are insome embodiments implemented as physically separate entities (e.g.,separate computers) from other system components such as interceptormodule 102. In other embodiments, the authentication module 106 and/orthe authorization module 108 are implemented as separate softwareprocesses on the same computer that implements the interceptor module102.

Resource modules 110 provide resources desired by clients 104. Exemplaryresources are files, databases, physical components (e.g., processors,printers, and the like). For example, resource modules 110 in a legalmonetized online content system 100 provide collections of law-focuseddecisions, journals, treatises, administrative materials, dockets, courtfilings, and the like. In another example, resource modules 110 in afinance-focused monetized online content system 100 provide companyresearch, historical asset prices, and the like. In still anotherexample, resource modules 110 provide processing capabilities. Forexample, resource modules 110 perform computationally-intensivecalculations for customers.

Clients 104 are a laptop computer 104 a, desktop computer 104 b,handheld device 104 c (e.g., a table computer, personal digitalassistant, cellular telephone, smart phone), and the like now known andlater developed. As can be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in theart, clients 104 (and other elements herein) can be singular or plural.Clients 104 have display(s) appreciated by those of ordinary skill inthe pertinent art. The displays are any of a number of devices known tothose skilled in the art for displaying images responsive to outputssignals from the clients 104. Such devices include, but are not limitedto, cathode ray tubes (CRTs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), plasmascreens and the like. Although a simplified diagram is illustrated inFIG. 1, such illustration shall not be construed as limiting the presentinvention to the illustrated embodiment. It should be recognized thatthe signals output from the clients 104 originate from any of a numberof devices including PCI or AGP video boards or cards mounted within thehousing of the clients 104 that are operably coupled to themicroprocessors and the displays thereof.

Clients 104 access system 100 through proprietary orcommercially-available software. For example, clients 104 utilize anInternet browser to access a Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)interface provided by system 100 (e.g., interceptor module 102).Suitable Internet browsers include INTERNET EXPLORER®, available fromMicrosoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.; FIREFOX®, available from theMozilla Foundation of Mountain View, Calif.; OPERA®, available fromOpera Software AS of Oslo, Norway; or CHROME™, available from GoogleInc. of Menlo Park, Calif. Alternatively, clients 104 interact withsystem 100 via specially-programmed software such as an applicationinstalled on clients 104.

Although clients 104 may be referred to herein as autonomous objects,one of ordinary skill in the art appreciates that such referencesincorporate one or more users interacting with the clients 104 unlessotherwise contradicted. For example, a client's authentication and/orauthorization is a reflection of the authentication and/or authorizationof a user of the client 104. In another example, the client 104 is anautonomous third-party computer (e.g., a server) configured to accessresources within system 100 for use in a service provided by a thirdparty (e.g., under a different trademark).

The systems and methods described herein advantageously handlecross-cutting concerns in a centralized location. As a result, thesystems and methods herein promote high coherence within interceptormodule 102 and loose coupling between interceptor module 102 and othermodules 106, 108, 110. Thus, authentication and authorization testing isfocused on interceptor module 102, which, together with authenticationmodule 106 and authorization module 108, acts a firewall for system 100.Moreover, resource modules 110 are concerned with creating events andare not concerned with the mechanics of logging events.

Interceptor module 102, authentication module 106, authorization module108, and resource modules 110 are augmented as necessitated by variousworkloads and processing demands for various aspects of system 100. Forexample, if client 104 sends n parallel requests for resources fromseveral resource modules, the system 100 executes the authorizationlogic once and the authentication logic 0 to n times. Thus, if theauthentication module 106 is utilized more than authorization module108, system 100 accommodates additional authentication modules 106 tohandle the increased load without the need to necessarily increaseauthentication module 106 or resource module 110 capacity.

Moreover, the systems and methods described herein simplify testing ofsystem 100. Because authentication and authorization concerns areremoved from resource modules 110, trusted users (e.g., internalsoftware developers) easily isolate and test the core functionalities ofresource modules 110, thereby promoting efficient development andtesting.

System 100 is implemented on a single piece of software or hardware suchas general purpose computers, including, but not limited to computerswith higher processing power colloquially known as servers. In such anembodiment, each of the one or more modules 102, 106, 108, 110 includedin a particular configuration of system 100 are implemented asindividual processes, threads, objects, components, and the like. Suchindividual processes, threads, objects, components, and the like can beprocessed by one or more processors.

Alternatively, one or more modules 102, 106, 108, 110 are implemented onseparate pieces of software or hardware such as general-purposecomputers, including, but not limited to computers with higherprocessing power colloquially known as servers. In such an embodiment,each of the one or more modules 102, 106, 108, 110 included in aparticular configuration of system 100 can communicate via variousprotocols known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

Modules 102, 106, 108, 110 can utilize one or more publicly-availablesoftware components. In one embodiment, interceptor module 102 is aspecially-programmed web server such as the Apache HTTP Server, ApacheTomcat, and MICROSOFT® Internet Information Services. Modules 102, 106,108, 110 are programmed with a variety of programming languages such asJAVA®, C/C++, Peri, MICROSOFT® .NET, and the like.

Request Processing Methods

Referring now to FIG. 2, interceptor module 102 is configured toimplement method 200.

In step S202, a request for resources available from one or moreresource modules 110 is received from a client 104. The request isreceived via a network 112. Network 112 can be the Internet, anintranet, and the like.

The request is structured in a variety of well-known or proprietaryformats. For example, client 104 and interceptor module 102 communicatevia Representational State Transfer (REST) as described in Roy T.Fielding & Richard N. Taylor, “Principled Design of the Modern WebArchitecture,” 2(2) ACM Trans. on Internet Tech. 115-50 (2002) and RoyThomas Fielding, Architectural Styles & the Design of Network-basedSoftware Architectures (2000) (Dissertation) (University of California,Irvine). In such an example, the requests are GET and POST requests asdefined under the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). The HypertextTransfer Protocol is described in publications such as Andrew S.Tanenbaum & Maarten van Steen, Distributed Systems: Principles &Paradigms §§ 11.1.2 & 11.1.3 (2002).

The method 200 includes one or more steps for authenticating the client104. For example, in step 202 a, the interceptor module 102 identifiesone or more credentials in a request. Interceptor module 102 identifiescredentials using tools such as regular expressions as implemented in avariety of programming languages such as Ped, Ruby, and Tcl anddescribed in publications such as H. M. Deitel et al., Perl: How toProgram 253-83 (2001) and Robert W. Sebesta, Programming the World WideWeb § 4.10 (2002).

Credentials are presented in many forms. For example, requests fromclient 104 include a username and password as a credential.Alternatively, the credential includes a unique token, which may be ahash of a username, password, and/or other information (e.g., atimestamp). The token (e.g., an authentication token, an entitlementtoken, and the like) is generated by client 104, interceptor module 102,and/or authentication module 106 and is stored locally on the client 104using a persistent object such as a cookie in conventional Internetarchitectures and/or Local Stored Objects (LSOs) in FLASH® or AIR®platforms. Cookies are described in H. M. Deitel et al., Internet &World Wide Web: How to Program 1060-68 (2000). The FLASH® or AIR®software platforms are available from Adobe Systems Incorporated of SanJose, Calif.

The interceptor module 102 maintains a list of recently authenticatedclients 104. Such a list advantageously reduces authentication delaysfor active clients. The interceptor module 102 determines in step S202 bif a client 104 was recently authenticated and, if the client wasrecently authenticated, proceed to step S202 f and determine if theclient is authorized to access the requested resource. Alternatively, ifthe client 104 was not recently authenticated, the interceptor modulepresents credentials to an authentication module 106 in step S202 c.

Whether a client 104 was recently authenticated is determined in avariety of steps. For example, the interceptor module 102 and/or theclient 104 stores a time at which the client 104 was most-recentlyauthenticated and the interceptor module 102 determines whether theclient 104 was most-recently authenticated within a defined timeinterval. Examples of the defined time interval include: 1 second, 5seconds, 10 seconds, 15 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 1 minute, 5minutes, 10 minutes, 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 1 week, and/or1 month. Additional examples of the defined time interval include: lessthan about 1 minute, between about 1 minute and about 5 minutes, betweenabout 5 minutes and about 10 minutes, between about 10 minutes and about15 minutes, between about 15 minutes and about 20 minutes, between about20 minutes and about 30 minutes, between about 30 minutes and about 45minutes, between about 45 minutes and about 1 hour, between about 1 hourand about 3 hours, between about 3 hours and about 6 hours, betweenabout 6 hours and about 12 hours, between about 12 hours and about 1day, between about 1 day and about 2 days, between about 2 days andabout 3 days, between about 3 days and about 1 week, and/or betweenabout 1 week and about 1 month.

As discussed above, in step S202 c, the interceptor module 102 presentsthe one or more credentials to authentication module 106.

In step S202 d, the authentication module 106 indicates whether theclient 104 is authenticated. If the client 104 is authenticated, theinterceptor module 102 verifies the client's authorization as discussedbelow in the context of step S202 f. If the client 104 is notauthenticated, the request is denied in step S202 e.

In step S202 f, the interceptor module 102 communicates with anauthorization module 108 to determine if the client 104 is authorized tothe access the requested resource(s). Alternatively, the interceptormodule 102 and/or authorization module 108 performs local validation ofa recent authentication token (a secure and random token generated bythe authentication module 106 as discussed herein) and/or entitlementtoken (a one-way hash of a context identifier, a resource identifier,and a secret key as discussed herein) routed from step S202 b. Forexample, if a user closes and then opens a new Internet browser windowon a client 104, interceptor module 102 validates the authenticationtoken and/or entitlement token held by client 104 if the authenticationtoken and/or entitlement token was issued and/or validated within adefined time period.

As discussed herein, in step S204, the interceptor module 102 refers therequest to one or more resource modules 110. The request is routed tothe one or more resource modules 110 by the interceptor module 102 or bya load-balancing device (not depicted) configured to route requests toresource modules 110 capable of handling the request. A resourcemodule's capability to handle a request is a function of the resourcemodule's workload and/or its qualifications. For example, a resourcemodule 110 containing U.S. Supreme Court decisions may not be qualifiedto handle a request for a Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court decision,even if the resource module 110 is not currently being utilized.

In step S206, the interceptor module 102 receives one or more responsesfrom the resource modules 110 as further discussed herein the context ofthe working example.

In step S208, the interceptor module 102 records any events associatedwith the one or more responses. For example, the events include billingevents and/or user experience events. For example, billing events caninclude information about the resources accessed such as quantity,costs, royalties, and the like. User experience events representinteractions between the client 104 and the system 100 and allow foranalysis of aggregate user behavior patterns (e.g., what features areused and how users tend to use them). For example, user experienceevents include the name of the resource that was accessed, how the useraccessed the resource (e.g., what other resources were accessed prior toaccessing the resource), executed search commands, and other interactivecommands (e.g., commands to email, print, save, or folder a resource).In general, billing events are a subset of user experience events inthat a user experience event may or may not be billed to user.

In step S210, the events are removed from the response by theinterceptor module 102. Advantageously, this hides the internalstructure of system 100. If the response and/or the events have awell-defined format, events are easily identified and removed usingregular expressions as discussed herein.

In step S212, the responses are presented to the client 104 by theinterceptor module 102. Responses are communicated via a variety ofmeans including wired or wireless transmission.

Once received by the client 104, the responses are presented to theuser. For example, data contained in the response is displays on adisplay device (e.g., a monitor, a television, a liquid crystal display,and the like), saves to memory, printes, and the like.

Method 200 can be repeated a plurality of times. For example, method 200is executed each time a request from a client 104 is received byinterceptor module 102. In embodiments having multiple interceptormodules 102, affinity between a particular client 104 and a particularinterceptor module 102 is advantageous (e.g., resulting in a highercache hit ratio when determining whether the client 104 was recentlyauthenticated), but is not required.

As discussed herein, method 200 can be implemented on general-purpose orspecially-programmed hardware or software. For example, method 200 canbe implemented by a computer-readable medium (e.g., software stored oninterceptor module 102). The computer-readable medium can benon-transitory and/or tangible. For example, the computer readablemedium can be volatile memory (e.g., random access memory and the like)or non-volatile memory (e.g., read-only memory, hard disks, floppydiscs, magnetic tape, optical discs, paper table, punch cards, and thelike).

WORKING EXAMPLE

Referring now to FIG. 3, a working example is depicted by sequencediagram 300. In this working example, the client 104 has established anauthentication token by submitting credentials to authentication module106.

The sequence begins in step S302 when the client 104 requestsentitlement to access a resource residing on a resource module 110. Therequest is presented to the authorization module 108 and includes acapability request object, which includes a resource identifier (e.g., adocument ID) that uniquely identifies a resource and the authenticationtoken.

In step S304, the authorization module 108 validates thepreviously-generated authentication token by passing the authenticationtoken to authentication module 106.

In step S306, the authentication module 106 returns identity data to theauthorization module 108.

In step S308, the authorization module 108 determines whether the client104 is entitled to access the resource and responds to the client 104accordingly. This response includes an entitlement token and a contextidentifier that serves to further limit the context in which theentitlement token is valid. The entitlement token is a one-way hash ofthe context identifier, a resource identifier, and the secret key.

The embodiment discussed above, in which the authorization module 108communicates directly with authentication module 106, is particularlyadvantageous because authorization module 108 does not rely oninterceptor module 102. Such an embodiment allows for immediaterevocation of the authentication tokens without the delay of waiting forinterceptor module 102 cache entries to expire. However, otherembodiments are within the scope of the invention including embodimentsin which interceptor module 102 maintains an authentication cache thatare utilized to expedite processing of requests fromrecently-authenticated clients 104.

In step S310, the client 104 next submits one or more resource requeststo the interceptor module 102, Each resource request includes a contextidentifier, a resource identifier (e.g., a document ID), anauthentication token (a secure and random token generated by theauthentication module 106), and an entitlement token. The one or morerequests are presented serially or in parallel.

Identity data is removed from the request in step S312 to preventmalicious clients 104 and/or users from submitting false identity data.The removed identity data is replaced in step S314 with identity data,if any, about the client 104 that was previously cached by interceptormodule 102. Thus, even if a malicious client 104 and/or user were toattempt a “spoofing” attack by altering a request to include anotheruser's identity data (e.g., to gain access to another user's litigationdocuments), this attempt would be spoiled because the altered identitydata would be discarded and replaced with the identify data cached theinterceptor module 102 and pertaining the authenticated client 104and/or user.

If identity data is not found in the cache (e.g., becausepreviously-cached identity data expired), the client's token is sent tothe authentication module 106 in step S316 for revalidation. Newidentity data is returned to the interceptor module 102 in step S318.This new identity data is cached for a time period in step S320, forexample, the current time plus n seconds. The identity data includes auser identifier and a secret key that is hidden from the client andunique for each authentication token.

The authentication token is validated by the authentication module 106using many different schemes. In one approach, the authentication tokenis an encrypted string of the secret key, which corresponds to aspecific session. Validation then consists of decrypting the token andvalidating the secret key against the pool of currently active sessions,which are accessible only from the authentication module 106.

If the authentication token is invalid, the interceptor module 102 sendsan appropriate response to the client 104 in step S322.

Once the client 104 is authenticated, the interceptor module 102determines in step S324 whether the client 104 holds a valid entitlementtoken. If the entitlement token is invalid, the interceptor module 102sends an appropriate response to the client 104 in step S326.

If the entitlement token is valid, the interceptor module 102 adds thecached identity data to the resource request in step S328 and submitsthe cached identity data and the resource request to the resource module110 for processing in step S330. The resource module 110 returns therequested resource and one or more events to the interceptor module 102in step S332. As discussed herein, these events are, for example,billing events (e.g., the amount of time required to process therequest, the size of the resource, and the cost of the resource).Resources and events are presented in various formats including objectsor markup language such as HyperText Markup Language (HTML), ExtensibleHyperText Markup Language (XHTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML), andthe like.

The interceptor module 102 logs these events on the interceptor module102 or on another system in step S334 and removes the events in stepS336 before returning the resource to the client 104 in step S338.

With an illustrated embodiment of the invention being described above,it is to be understood that the functions of several elements may, inalternative embodiments, be carried out by fewer elements, or a singleelement. Similarly, in some embodiments, any functional element mayperform fewer, or different, operations than those described withrespect to the illustrated embodiment. Also, functional elements (e.g.,modules, databases, computers, clients, servers and the like) depictedas distinct for purposes of illustration may be incorporated withinother functional elements, separated in different hardware, ordistributed in a particular implementation.

While certain embodiments according to the invention have beendescribed, the invention is not limited to just the describedembodiments. Various changes and/or modifications can be made to any ofthe described embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe invention. Also, various combinations of elements, steps, features,and/or aspects of the described embodiments are possible andcontemplated even if such combinations are not expressly identifiedherein.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

The entire contents of all patents, published patent applications, andother references cited herein are hereby expressly incorporated hereinin their entireties by reference.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A computer firewall apparatus configured to preventsubmission of false identity data by a malicious actor, the computerfirewall apparatus system comprising: one or more computer processors;and at least one computer memory storage coupled to the one or morecomputer processors, wherein the one or more computer processors areconfigured to: receive, from a client computer, a request forentitlement to access one or more database resources residing on aserver computer, wherein the request for entitlement includes anauthentication token; generate, in response to the request forentitlement to access the one or more database resources, based on theauthentication token, an entitlement token when it is determined thatthe client computer is entitled to access the one or more databaseresources; send a response to the request for entitlement that includesthe entitlement token to the client computer; receive, from the clientcomputer, a request for the one or more database resources, wherein therequest includes the entitlement token and user identity data; acquirestored user identity data; remove the user identity data from thereceived request for the one or more database resources; and replace theremoved user identity with the stored user identity data, therebypreventing access to the one or more database resources by the maliciousactor when the received request for the one or more database resourcesis altered to include false user identity data.
 22. The computerfirewall apparatus of claim 21, wherein the configuration of the one ormore computer processors to acquire the stored user identity dataincludes configuration of the one or more computer processors to acquirethe stored user identity data from user identity data stored in cachememory.
 23. The computer firewall apparatus of claim 21, wherein theconfiguration of the one or more computer processors to generate theentitlement token based on the authentication token includesconfiguration of the one or more computer processors to obtain thestored user identity data from user identity data stored in said atleast one computer memory storage, and wherein the one or more computerprocessors are further configured to store the obtained stored useridentity data in cache memory.
 24. The computer firewall apparatus ofclaim 21, wherein the response to the request for entitlement furtherincludes a context identifier configured to limit the context in whichthe entitlement token is valid.
 25. The computer firewall apparatus ofclaim 21, wherein the one or more computer processors are furtherconfigured to hide internal processes from a user of the client computerto access the one or more database resources, the configuration of theone or more computer processors to hide internal processes includingconfiguration of the one or more computer processors to: refer therequest for the one or more database resources having the user identitydata replaced thereon to the server computer; receive one or moreresponses from the server computer, at least one of the one or moreresponses having one or more events associated therewith; record the oneor more events in the at least one computer memory storage; transformthe one or more responses by removing the one or more events associatedwith the one or more responses; and present the one or more responseshaving the one or more events removed therefrom to the client computer.26. The computer firewall apparatus of claim 25, wherein the one or moreevents includes one or more billing event that provides informationabout the resources accessed, the information comprising one of:quantity; costs; royalties; or combinations thereof.
 27. The computerfirewall apparatus of claim 25, wherein the one or more events includesone or more user experience events that represent one or moreinteractions between the client computer and the apparatus and allow foranalysis of aggregate user behavior patterns.
 28. The computer firewallapparatus of claim 27, wherein the one or more user experience eventsincludes one of: a name of a resource that was accessed; informationregarding how a user accessed the resource; executed search commands;other interactive commands; or one or more combinations thereof.
 29. Thecomputer firewall apparatus of claim 21, wherein the request for the oneor more database resources further includes a context identifier, aresource identifier, and the authentication token, the entitlement tokencomprising one way hash of the context identifier, the resourceidentifier, and a secret key corresponding to a specific session, thecontext identifier indicative of context in which the entitlement tokenis valid.
 30. The computer firewall apparatus of claim 29, wherein theone or more computer processors are further configured to: identify oneor more credentials in the request for the one or more databaseresources; determine whether the client computer was most recentlyauthenticated beyond a defined interval; present, in response to adetermination that the client computer was most recently authenticatedbeyond the defined interval, the credentials to another server computer;determine, in response to the other server computer indicating that theclient computer is authenticated, whether the entitlement token isvalid; and delay, in response to the determination that the clientcomputer was most recently authenticated beyond the defined interval,referring the request having the user identity data replaced thereon tothe server computer until the entitlement token is determined to bevalid.
 31. A method of operation for a computer firewall apparatusconfigured to prevent submission of false identity data by a maliciousactor, the method comprising: receiving, from a client computer, arequest for entitlement to access one or more database resourcesresiding on a server computer, wherein the request for entitlementincludes an authentication token; generating, in response to the requestfor entitlement to access the one or more database resources, based onthe authentication token, an entitlement token when it is determinedthat the client computer is entitled to access the one or more databaseresources; sending a response to the request for entitlement thatincludes the entitlement token to the client computer; receiving, fromthe client computer, a request for the one or more database resources,wherein the request includes the entitlement token and user identitydata; acquiring stored user identity data; removing the user identitydata from the received request for the one or more database resources;and replacing the removed user identity with the stored user identitydata, thereby preventing access to the one or more database resources bythe malicious actor when the received request for the one or moredatabase resources is altered to include false user identity data. 32.The method of claim 31, wherein the acquiring the stored user identitydata includes acquiring the stored user identity data from user identitydata stored in cache memory.
 33. The method of claim 31, wherein thegenerating the entitlement token based on the authentication tokenincludes obtaining the stored user identity data from user identity datastored in computer memory storage of the computer firewall apparatus,and further comprising storing the obtained stored user identity data incache memory.
 34. The method of claim 31, wherein the response to therequest for entitlement further includes a context identifier configuredto limit the context in which the entitlement token is valid.
 35. Themethod of claim 31, wherein the request further includes a contextidentifier, a resource identifier, an authentication identifier, and theauthentication token, the entitlement token comprising one way hash ofthe context identifier, the resource identifier, and a secret keycorresponding to a specific session, the context identifier indicativeof context in which the entitlement token is valid.
 36. The method ofclaim 35, further comprising: identifying one or more credentials in therequest; determining whether the client computer was most recentlyauthenticated beyond a defined interval; presenting, in response to adetermination that the client computer was most recently authenticatedbeyond the defined interval, the credentials to another server computer;determining, in response to the other server computer indicating thatthe client computer is authenticated, whether the entitlement token isvalid; and delaying, in response to the determination that the clientcomputer was most recently authenticated beyond the defined interval,referring the request having the user identity data replaced thereon tothe server computer until the entitlement token is determined to bevalid.
 37. A non-transitory computer-readable medium have program coderecorded thereon for a computer firewall apparatus configured to preventsubmission of false identity data by a malicious actor, wherein theprogram code, when executed by one or more computer processors, causesthe one or more computer processors to: receive, from a client computer,a request for entitlement to access one or more database resourcesresiding on a server computer, wherein the request for entitlementincludes an authentication token; generate, in response to the requestfor entitlement to access the one or more database resources, based onthe authentication token, an entitlement token when it is determinedthat the client computer is entitled to access the one or more databaseresources; send a response to the request for entitlement that includesthe entitlement token to the client computer; receive, from the clientcomputer, a request for the one or more database resources, wherein therequest includes the entitlement token and user identity data; acquirestored user identity data; remove the user identity data from thereceived request for the one or more database resources; and replace theremoved user identity with the stored user identity data, therebypreventing access to the one or more database resources by the maliciousactor when the received request for the one or more database resourcesis altered to include false user identity data.
 38. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein the program code thatcauses the one or more computer processors to acquire the stored useridentity data further causes the one or more computer processors toacquire the stored user identity data from user identity data stored incache memory.
 39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim37, wherein the program code that causes the one or more computerprocessors to generate the entitlement token based on the authenticationtoken further causes the one or more computer processors to obtain thestored user identity data from user identity data stored in said atleast one computer memory storage, and wherein the program code furthercauses the one or more computer processors to store the obtained storeduser identity data in cache memory.
 40. The non-transitorycomputer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein the program code furthercauses the one or more computer processors to: identify one or morecredentials in the request; determine whether the client computer wasmost recently authenticated beyond a defined interval; present, inresponse to a determination that the client computer was most recentlyauthenticated beyond the defined interval, the credentials to anotherserver computer; determine, in response to the other server computerindicating that the client computer is authenticated, whether theentitlement token is valid; and delay, in response to the determinationthat the client computer was most recently authenticated beyond thedefined interval, referral of the request having the user identity datareplaced thereon to the server computer until the entitlement token isdetermined to be valid.